Are you planning a trip to Bologna and looking for the best attractions to visit? Whether you’re spending just a day in the city or planning a weekend getaway from Florence, Venice, or Milan, Bologna offers a wealth of sights that are sure to captivate you. With so much to see, it can be challenging to decide where to start. To help you out, here’s an in-depth guide to nine must-see attractions in Bologna, ensuring you don’t miss out on the best the city has to offer.
Bologna, often known by its many nicknames, such as La Grassa (the Fat), La Dotta (the Learned), and La Rossa (the Red), is a city with a rich cultural and historical heritage. Its nicknames reflect various aspects of its identity: from its culinary delights to its prestigious educational institutions, and its distinct red-colored buildings. Beyond its reputation as a gastronomic paradise, Bologna is home to the world’s oldest university, vibrant streets, and stunning architecture that tells the story of its long and fascinating history.
So, without further ado, let’s dive into the nine must-see attractions in Bologna that you should add to your itinerary.
1. Piazza Maggiore: The Heart of Bologna
At the center of Bologna lies Piazza Maggiore, the city’s main square, bustling with life at all hours. This grand square is not just a place to pass through; it’s where the city’s heart beats. During the day, tourists flock here to marvel at the historic buildings that surround the square, including the Church of San Petronio, the Town Hall, and Neptune’s Fountain, located in the adjacent Piazza del Nettuno.
In the evening, Piazza Maggiore transforms as locals come out for a leisurely stroll, filling the air with lively conversation. The square’s red-yellow walls echo with the vibrancy of the city, making it a perfect spot to experience the local atmosphere. Whether you’re visiting during the day or at night, Piazza Maggiore is a place where you can truly feel the pulse of Bologna.
But Piazza Maggiore is more than just a gathering place; it’s a window into Bologna’s history. The square has been a focal point of the city since medieval times, and walking through it is like stepping back in time. The architecture that frames the square tells stories of Bologna’s past, from its medieval roots to its Renaissance glory.
When visiting Piazza Maggiore, take the time to explore the surrounding landmarks. The Church of San Petronio, with its unfinished façade, is a striking example of Gothic architecture and one of the largest churches in the world. The Town Hall, known as Palazzo d’Accursio, is another historical gem that houses the Civic Art Collection, offering insights into Bologna’s artistic heritage.
Neptune’s Fountain, or Fontana del Nettuno, is a stunning Renaissance masterpiece that adds to the square’s charm. The fountain, with its imposing statue of Neptune, symbolizes Bologna’s power and wealth during the Renaissance period.
In summary, Piazza Maggiore is not just a must-see attraction but the beating heart of Bologna, where history, culture, and daily life come together in a vibrant and captivating way.
2. Basilica di San Petronio: An Unfinished Masterpiece
Overlooking Piazza Maggiore, the Basilica di San Petronio stands as an imposing figure, a testament to Bologna’s religious and architectural history. This massive church, dedicated to Saint Petronius, the patron saint of Bologna, was intended to be the largest church in the world when construction began in the 14th century. However, it remains unfinished, with its façade only partially completed.
The story of the Basilica di San Petronio is one of ambition and intrigue. When the church’s grand plans reached the ears of the Vatican, there were concerns that it might surpass St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome in both size and splendor. As a result, funding for its completion was curtailed, leaving the church in its current, unfinished state.
Despite its incomplete exterior, the Basilica di San Petronio is no less impressive. The church’s interior is a marvel of Gothic architecture, with soaring ceilings, intricate details, and a sense of grandeur that leaves visitors in awe. One of the most unique features of the church is the sundial that runs along the floor. This 68-meter-long meridian line was designed by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in the 17th century and is the longest indoor sundial in the world. It’s a fascinating blend of science and religion, reflecting Bologna’s deep ties to academic excellence.
In addition to its architectural wonders, the Basilica di San Petronio offers stunning views of Bologna from the top of its bell tower. Climbing to the top rewards visitors with panoramic views of the city’s red rooftops, medieval towers, and rolling hills beyond.
For those interested in what the basilica could have been, a small museum at the back of the church showcases plans and models of the intended design. It’s a glimpse into a grand vision that was never fully realized but still captures the imagination.
Visiting the Basilica di San Petronio is a journey through Bologna’s religious and cultural history, offering insights into the city’s ambitions, its artistic achievements, and its enduring legacy.
3. Salaborsa: A Glimpse into Bologna’s Ancient Past
Just a stone’s throw from Piazza Maggiore, in the northwestern part of the square, lies Salaborsa, Bologna’s main public library. But Salaborsa is more than just a place to read; it’s a portal to the city’s ancient past. Beneath the modern library, visitors can gaze through glass floors at the archaeological ruins of Bononia, the ancient Roman colony that once stood where Bologna is today.
These ruins, which include streets, wells, and remnants of religious and secular buildings, offer a fascinating glimpse into Bologna’s history, stretching back thousands of years. The excavated site is accessible to the public, allowing visitors to walk among the ruins and experience the city’s ancient roots firsthand.
Salaborsa’s history is as layered as the city itself. Over the centuries, the building has served many purposes, including as a botanical garden and a bank. Today, it stands as a testament to Bologna’s ability to blend the old with the new, preserving its heritage while adapting to modern needs.
The library itself is a beautiful space, with high ceilings, natural light, and a quiet, contemplative atmosphere. But it’s the juxtaposition of this serene environment with the ancient ruins below that makes Salaborsa truly unique. It’s a place where you can lose yourself in a book while being literally connected to the history beneath your feet.
For those interested in archaeology, history, or simply the fascinating blend of past and present, Salaborsa is a must-visit attraction in Bologna. It’s a reminder of the city’s long and storied history, and how that history continues to shape the Bologna we see today.
4. Biblioteca dell’Archiginnasio: A Scholarly Treasure
Bologna is home to the world’s oldest university, and the Biblioteca dell’Archiginnasio is one of its most important historical sites. Founded in 1562, the Archiginnasio was designed to bring together all the university’s faculties under one roof, fostering a community of learning and scholarship that has endured for centuries.
The library, which holds over 850,000 manuscripts, books, and periodicals, is a treasure trove of knowledge. The collection spans a wide range of subjects, reflecting the university’s broad academic focus and its role in advancing human understanding.
One of the most fascinating parts of the Archiginnasio is the Teatro Anatomico, a beautifully preserved 17th-century anatomical theater where medical students once learned about the human body through dissections. The room, with its wooden carvings and statues of famous physicians, is both a historical artifact and a symbol of Bologna’s contributions to the field of medicine.
Walking through the Archiginnasio, you can feel the weight of history and the presence of the countless scholars who have passed through its halls. The walls are adorned with the coats of arms of students and professors, adding to the sense of continuity and tradition.
While the university has since expanded beyond the Archiginnasio, spreading across the city, this building remains a key part of Bologna’s academic heritage. It’s a place where the past and present meet, offering visitors a chance to connect with the city’s long-standing commitment to education and intellectual pursuit.
Visiting the Biblioteca dell’Archiginnasio is a must for anyone interested in history, academia, or simply the rich cultural heritage of Bologna. It’s a place where you can immerse yourself in the world of scholarship and explore the deep roots of one of Europe’s most influential universities.
5. Museo Civico Archeologico: Tracing Bologna’s Ancient Roots
The Museo Civico Archeologico, or Archaeological Museum of Bologna, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. This museum offers a comprehensive look at Bologna’s ancient history, from its prehistoric origins to its time as an Etruscan city known as Felsina, and later as a Roman colony named Bononia.
The museum’s extensive collection is housed in a beautiful building that itself has historical significance. Inside, you’ll find artifacts from various periods of Bologna’s past, including pottery, tools, and sculptures that tell the story of the city’s development over millennia.
One of the highlights of the museum is its impressive Egyptian collection, which is one of the most important in Europe. With over 3,500 objects, including mummies, statues, and everyday items from ancient Egypt, this collection offers a fascinating glimpse into a civilization that has captivated people for centuries.
The Museo Civico Archeologico isn’t just about looking at old artifacts; it’s about understanding the people who lived in Bologna thousands of years ago. The museum’s exhibits are carefully curated to provide context and insight, helping visitors to see the connections between the city’s past and its present.
Whether you’re a history buff or simply curious about Bologna’s ancient roots, the Museo Civico Archeologico is a must-see. It’s a place where the past comes alive, offering a deeper understanding of the city and its place in the broader history of Italy and the Mediterranean world.
6. Le Due Torri: The Towers of Bologna
The twin towers of Bologna, known as Le Due Torri, are among the city’s most iconic landmarks. These medieval structures, built in the 12th century, were originally part of a much larger group of towers that symbolized the wealth and power of Bologna’s noble families. Today, only about 20 of these towers remain, but Le Due Torri are by far the most famous.
The taller of the two towers, Torre degli Asinelli, stands at 97 meters and offers a challenging but rewarding climb. The 498 steps to the top might test your endurance, but the panoramic views from the summit are well worth the effort. From here, you can see the red rooftops of Bologna stretching out in all directions, with the surrounding countryside providing a stunning backdrop.
The smaller tower, Torre Garisenda, was originally even taller but had to be shortened in the 14th century due to structural instability. Today, it leans at a precarious angle, adding to its historical charm.
Le Due Torri are more than just architectural curiosities; they are symbols of Bologna’s medieval past and its enduring spirit. Climbing the towers is a rite of passage for visitors to the city, offering a unique perspective on Bologna’s layout and a sense of connection to its history.
If you’re visiting Bologna, Le Due Torri should be at the top of your list. They are a tangible link to the city’s past and a reminder of the power and prestige that once defined this vibrant medieval city.
7. The Jewish Ghetto: A Walk Through History
A short walk from Piazza Maggiore takes you to the former Jewish Ghetto of Bologna, a neighborhood steeped in history and poignancy. Established in 1555 by papal decree, the ghetto was a place of confinement for the city’s Jewish population, who were locked in the area from sunset to sunrise and only allowed out during the day.
The ghetto’s narrow streets and alleys tell the story of a community that lived under strict regulations yet managed to maintain its identity and traditions. Walking through the ghetto, you can still feel the echoes of the past, from the small synagogues that once served the Jewish community to the plaques that mark the places where significant events occurred.
One of the key sites in the ghetto is the Museo Ebraico di Bologna, the Jewish Museum, which offers a deeper understanding of the history and culture of Bologna’s Jewish community. The museum’s exhibits cover everything from religious artifacts to documents and photographs that tell the story of the Jews in Bologna from the Middle Ages to the present day.
Visiting the Jewish Ghetto is not just about seeing historical sites; it’s about reflecting on the resilience of a community that has faced adversity throughout history. It’s a reminder of the importance of tolerance and understanding in a city that has seen its share of triumphs and tribulations.
If you’re interested in history, culture, or simply want to explore a different side of Bologna, the Jewish Ghetto is a must-see. It’s a place where the past is very much present, offering valuable lessons and insights into the city’s diverse heritage.
8. The Colonnades: Bologna’s Unique Architectural Feature
As you walk through Bologna, one of the first things you’ll notice is the extensive network of colonnades, or porticoes, that line the city’s streets. Stretching nearly 40 kilometers, these covered walkways are a defining feature of Bologna’s urban landscape, providing shelter from the sun in the summer and protection from the rain and cold in the winter.
But the colonnades are more than just practical; they are a vital part of Bologna’s history and character. In the 12th century, as the city’s population grew rapidly due to the influx of students and scholars, space became a premium. To accommodate the growing population, buildings were extended over the sidewalks, creating the colonnades that we see today.
These porticoes not only provided additional living space but also gave Bologna its distinctive narrow streets and unique architectural style. The colonnades are a symbol of the city’s adaptability and ingenuity, reflecting how Bologna has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of its residents.
Walking through the colonnades is one of the best ways to experience Bologna. As you stroll along these covered walkways, you’ll pass by shops, cafes, and historic buildings, all while being immersed in the city’s vibrant atmosphere. The colonnades connect different parts of the city, making it easy to explore Bologna’s many attractions while staying protected from the elements.
For visitors, the colonnades are more than just a convenient feature; they are an integral part of what makes Bologna special. They represent the city’s history, its architecture, and its way of life, offering a unique and memorable experience for anyone who takes the time to walk through them.
9. Santuario di San Luca: A Pilgrimage with a View
Perched on a hill overlooking Bologna, the Santuario di San Luca is one of the city’s most revered religious sites. The sanctuary, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is a place of pilgrimage for many, and the journey to reach it is as much a part of the experience as the destination itself.
What makes the Santuario di San Luca particularly special is the 4-kilometer-long colonnade that leads up to it, the world’s longest continuous portico. This impressive structure was built in the late 17th century to protect pilgrims from the elements as they made their way up the hill to the church. The portico’s 666 arches are said to represent the devil, while the sanctuary at the top offers protection and blessings from the Virgin Mary.
The walk up to San Luca is a rewarding experience, offering stunning views of Bologna and the surrounding countryside. As you ascend the hill, the city gradually falls away, replaced by the tranquility of nature and the sense of peace that comes with reaching the sanctuary.
The church itself, built in the 18th century, is a beautiful example of Baroque architecture. Inside, you’ll find the revered icon of the Virgin Mary and the Baby Jesus, a precious artifact brought to the early chapel in the 12th century. The sanctuary’s dome offers breathtaking views of the surrounding area, making the climb to the top even more worthwhile.
For those who prefer not to walk, the San Luca Express, a small tourist train, provides a convenient way to reach the sanctuary from Piazza Maggiore. Whether you choose to walk or take the train, a visit to Santuario di San Luca is a must for anyone seeking to experience the spiritual and natural beauty of Bologna.
Conclusion
Bologna is a city of rich history, vibrant culture, and unique architectural beauty. From its ancient origins to its modern-day charm, Bologna offers a wealth of attractions that cater to all interests. Whether you’re exploring the historic Piazza Maggiore, marveling at the unfinished grandeur of Basilica di San Petronio, or walking through the ancient ruins beneath Salaborsa, Bologna is a city that captivates and inspires.
Each of the nine must-see attractions highlighted in this guide offers a glimpse into a different aspect of Bologna’s past and present. Together, they provide a comprehensive overview of what makes this city so special. So whether you’re visiting for a day or a weekend, make sure to take the time to explore these incredible sights and experience all that Bologna has to offer.